blog by kelpin dwi amanda

 

NAME                          : Kelpin Dwi Amanda

STUDENT NUMBER     : 01010582024138

 

ASSIGNMENT READING

Ambient divers are, unlike divers who go underwater in submersible vehicles or pressure resistant suits, exposed to the pressure and temperature of the surrounding (ambient) water. Of all types of diving, the oldest and simplest is free diving. Free divers may use no equipment at all, but most use a face mask, foot fins, and a snorkel. Under the surface, free divers must hold their breath. Most free divers can only descend 30 to 40 feet, but some skilled divers can go as deep as 100 feet.

 Scuba diving provides greater range than free diving. The word scuba stands for self-contained underwater breathing apparatus. Scuba divers wear metal tanks with compressed air or other breathing gases. When using open-circuit equipment, a scuba diver simply breathes air from the tank through a hose and releases the exhaled air into the water. A closed-circuit breathing device, also called a rebreather, filters out carbon dioxide and other harmful gases and automatically adds oxygen. This enables the diver to breathe the same air over and over.

In surface-supplied diving, divers wear helmets and waterproof canvas suits. Today, sophisticated plastic helmets have replaced the heavy copper helmets used in the past. These divers get their air from a hose connected to compressors on a boat. Surface-supplied divers can go deeper than any other type of ambient diver.

 

1. Ambient divers are ones who

 (D) are exposed to the surrounding water.

 

2. According to the passage, a free diver may use any of the following EXCEPT

(A) a rebreather.

 

3. According to the passage, the maximum depth for free divers is around

 (B) 100 feet.

 

4. When using closed-circuit devices, divers

 (C) breathe the same air over and over.

 

 

5. According to the passage, surface-supplied

divers today use helmets made from

 (C) plastic.

 

Further changes in journalism occurred around this time. In 1846, Richard Hoe invented the steam cylinder rotary press, making it possible to print newspapers faster and cheaper. The development of the telegraph made it possible for much speedier collection and distribution of news. Also in 1846, the first wire service was organized. A new type of newspaper appeared around this time, one that was more attuned to the spirit and needs of the new America. Although newspapers continued to cover politics, they came to report more human interest stories and to record the most recent news, which they could not have done before the telegraph. New York papers, and those of other northern cities, maintained corps of correspondents to go into all parts of the country to cover newsworthy events.

 

6. The main purpose of the passage is to

 (B) outline certain developments in mid-nineteenth-century journalism.

 

The term weathering refers to all the ways in which rock can be broken down. It takes place because minerals formed in a particular way (say at high temperatures, in the case of igneous rocks) are often unstable when exposed to various conditions. Weathering involves the interaction of the lithosphere (the earth’s crust) with the atmosphere and hydrosphere (air and water). It occurs at different rates and in different ways, depending on the climactic and environmental conditions. But all kinds of weathering ultimately produce broken minerals and rock fragments and other products of the decomposition of stone.

 Soil is the most obvious and, from the human point of view, the most important result of the weathering process. Soil is the weathered part of the earth’s crust that is capable of sustaining plant life. The character of soil depends on the nature of rock from which it is formed. It also depends on the climate and on the relative “age” of the soil. Immature soils are little more than broken rock fragments. Over time, immature soil develops into mature soil, which contains quantities of humus, formed from decayed plant matter. Mature soil is darker, richer in microscopic life, and more conducive to plant growth.

 

7. The first paragraph primarily describes

(A) the process by which rocks are broken down.

 

8. The main topic of the second paragraph is

 (C) the evolution of soil.

 

9. The main topic of the entire passage is that

(A) weathering breaks down rocks and leads to the development of soil.

 

There has never been an adult scientist who has been half as curious as any child between the ages of four months and four years. Adults sometimes mistake this superb curiosity about everything as a lack of ability to concentrate. The truth is that children begin to learn at birth, and by the time they begin formal schooling at the age of 5 or 6, they have already absorbed a fantastic amount of information, perhaps more, fact for fact, than they will learn for the rest of their lives. Adults can multiply by many times the knowledge children absorb if they appreciate this curiosity while simultaneously encouraging the children to learn.

 

10. What is the main idea of this passage?

 (D) Adults can use children’s intense curiosity to help children learn more.